Salon Business Management (Beauty Therapy) Examine and assess the Essay

Salon Business Management (Beauty Therapy) Examine and evaluate the properties, uses, advantages and likely aftereffects of utilizing additives in the cutting edge salon condition - Essay Example All the more significantly, the utilization of additives inside the salon condition is intended to shield clients from expected negative responses of restorative items on their skin or hair. Contingent upon the properties of restorative additives, they may bother the skin, cause unfavorably susceptible responses or cancer-causing impacts. This implies viable salon business the board practices ought to be engaged at guaranteeing that the additives utilized in the salon are sheltered to the purchasers (Draelos, 2005, p. 58). This paper presents a scientific conversation of different additive items that are utilized inside the salon condition with a perspective on showing their properties and uses in skin and hair care. The paper additionally portrays the advantages of these additives in salon administrations and the ramifications of utilizing them inside the contemporary salon condition. Cancer prevention agents are normal additives for corrective items, which are regularly utilized in contemporary salon conditions for their powerful defensive properties. Cancer prevention agents act by restraining the oxidation of microorganisms and different atoms (Gray and Gummer, 2000, p. 124). The cell reinforcement properties of these additives make them reasonable for shielding hair and healthy skin items from sullying with organisms. Be that as it may, the degree of insurance that is accomplished by cancer prevention agents is moderately insignificant, when contrasted with different additives. The cancer prevention agent additives are regularly utilized inside present day salons, with an objective of forestalling rancidity in skin and hair care oils. The tainting of all oil based hair and healthy skin plans is forestalled when cell reinforcements are utilized as additives (Antczak and Antczak, 2001, p. 98). Pynogenol is a case of cancer prevention agent that is utilized insid e salon situations. This cell reinforcement is utilized to fortify collagen in hair and skin and veins. This additive is along these lines utilized as an enemy of maturing operator (Michalun and Michalun, 1994). The utilization of cell reinforcements inside present day

War and Peace in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

War and Peace in the Middle East - Essay Example The Middle East political plenty is portrayed by battling seething from Syria and its overflow impact felt in Lebanon Bahrain and Iraq. There is no denying the sectarianism is ordinary in the Middle East legislative issues with strict personality the most essential end in characterizing the political existence of the individuals. Consequently, the war in these nations stays a recognizable factor in the quest for national enthusiasm of the individual nations in the oil-rich locale (CASHMAN, 2000:45). Different thoughts, hypotheses, and qualities shape arrangement and inspire the political conduct of residents in specific nations. Worldwide relations scholars differ over the certainty of war. To old style pragmatists and neo-radicals, war is unavoidable. They place that each state is constrained to hurt the other in quest for their inclinations and to maintain a strategic distance from the most exceedingly awful conceivable result. This follows with states expanding their protection ab ilities consequently expanding pressure and odds of war. Authenticity has advanced into the predominant worldview in clarifying state conduct and the emission of war. Neo-pragmatists hold that state conduct is driven by the requirement for endurance in the global framework. States attempt to get by amplifying their capacity and moving the perceived leverage in support of them. Mearsheimer’s ‘Offensive Realism Theory’ affirms the soundness of states in an anarchic world framework. This prompts a security problem where a guarded activity taken by one state nearly endurance is a danger to another.... To old style pragmatists and neo-leftists, war is inescapable. They set that each state is constrained to hurt the other in quest for their inclinations and to evade the most exceedingly terrible conceivable result. This follows with states expanding their barrier abilities along these lines expanding strain and odds of war. Authenticity has advanced into the prevailing worldview in clarifying state conduct and the emission of war. Neo-pragmatists hold that state conduct is driven by the requirement for endurance in the global framework. States attempt to make due by boosting their capacity and moving the perceived leverage in support of them. Mearsheimer’s ‘Offensive Realism Theory’ attests the sanity of states in an anarchic world framework. This prompts a security situation where a protective activity taken by one state in the skirt of endurance is a danger to another. Authenticity fronts war as probably the best methodology for states to amplify their capacity and guarantee their endurance. In different cases, the danger of power might be utilized to boost power. As indicated by the hypothesis likewise, different states may understanding war between rival countries in an offer to lessen their capacity and inevitably increment their own (DUNNE, KURKI, and SMITH, 2013:79). A decent outline is Iraq’s attack of Kuwait, at an individual level; Saddam Hussein may have determined that his activities on Kuwait won't incite military reaction from the universal network because of his initially merciless nature. Nonetheless, at the state level Iraq is seeking after its own national advantages and endeavoring to recapture oil handle that were recently added by the British (CASHMAN, 2000:79). As per Mearsheimer’s hypothesis likewise, the extremity between states or the chance of war depends in the quantity of

Managing Holiday Meals Without Eating to Excess

Managing Holiday Meals Without Eating to Excess Eating Disorders Print How to Enjoy Holiday Meals Without Eating Too Much By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Rachel Goldman, PhD, FTOS on January 28, 2020 Rachel Goldman, PhD FTOS is a licensed psychologist, clinical assistant professor, speaker, wellness expert specializing in weight management and eating behaviors.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Rachel Goldman, PhD, FTOS on January 28, 2020 Betsie Van Der Meer/Taxi/Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Holiday meals are stressful for many people, not just those who suffer from full-blown eating disorders. However, the holiday feast doesn’t have to be an ordeal. With appropriate pre-planning, it can be managed and enjoyed. How to Avoid Excessive Eating Around the Holidays The very design of holiday meals increases the likelihood of disordered eating. How many Americans spend days leading up to Thanksgiving fretting or getting excited about overeating at the meal? The culture of a Thanksgiving feast makes it akin to a culturally acceptable binge. Many end up feeling worse after the holidays. Follow the suggestions below to reduce the likelihood that you will eat to excess: Eat normally leading up to the holiday:  Most people anticipate a holiday by restricting their consumption prior to the holiday meal, in some cases for several days leading up to it. They reason that since they are going to eat a lot at dinner, they will try to conserve the day’s calories and go into the meal at a deficit. But this becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy.  The more one restricts leading up to the meal, the more likely that one will overeat at the meal.  Our bodies in most cases will appropriately override attempts at restriction. Lab studies have shown that when dieters are distracted from concentrating on their intake, they eat more than non-dieters.  So, to avoid overeating at the holiday meal, practice the opposite of restriction: eat normally throughout the day, including a balanced lunch and a snack in the afternoon. If you don’t go into your holiday dinner famished, you will be able to make more logical and appropriate decisions and avoid overeating.  Plan ahead to eat a balanced meal: If you struggle with disordered eating, it can be helpful to think about the meal ahead of time and plan specifically what you are going to eat. Families often follow a similar traditional menu every year â€" it is not hard to anticipate the foods that will be served and envision a balanced plate including all the major food groups (starch, protein, vegetable, fruit, dairy, and fat). Plan for a normal portion of dessert as well.  Celebrations are part of life â€" enjoy them. If you are not sure what will be on the menu, ask the host so you can develop a plan. If it is a potluck, bring something you will enjoy eating.  Reject all-or-nothing thinking:  Be aware of your own black-and-white thoughts about food and challenge them. Many people actively classify their eating behavior as either “being good” or “being bad.” They reason that if they are not restricting or “being good,” they might as well just give up all control. This is a false choice tha t actually promotes disordered eating and holiday overindulgence. Just because it is a holiday doesn’t mean you need to overeat. Practice moderation.  Remind yourself that you can eat these foods again:  The belief that the holiday is the only time you’ll be able to have these foods reinforces an all-or-nothing mentality. Remind yourself that this type of food, while typical to this special occasion, can be obtained more often than that. For example, you can also enjoy leftovers the next day. You can even ask for recipes and make some of the special dishes on your own at an entirely different time of year.Do an initial walkthrough of buffets before getting food:  Buffets can be especially overwhelming for those who suffer from eating disorders and disordered eating. A good strategy is to first reconnaissance the buffet without taking any food. You can view all the food and make decisions about what to take without overloading your plate. For example, choose one protein, one star ch, and so on. Make and fill one complete composed plate so you keep track of the total amount of food. Seeing all of the food you intend to eat on the plate at one time will help you to keep track of how much you are eating. Do the same with dessert; survey all the desserts first and then choose one or two to eat, or consider smaller samples of a few.  Pace yourself and stop when full:  Try to pace yourself, pausing periodically to put your fork down and to drink a beverage. You may also want to limit your alcohol intake, as many people are more prone to overeat after drinking. Pay attention to your satiety and stop before you get too full. Sometimes it is hard to stop when eating food that tastes good. Be mindful of the feeling of disappointment you experience when you decide to stop eating something that tastes good. Sit with the feeling rather than erasing it with food; most likely it will pass in a few minutes.  Accept that it’s normal to indulge on holidays: Celebrations sho uld be enjoyed. Holiday meals are a way of connecting with others. Eating more indulgently on occasion is normal and won’t adversely affect your health.   Eating in social and unfamiliar situations can be stressful for many people. Following the suggestions above can help ensure a joyful holiday.

A Research Paper On Diabetes Essay - 959 Words

Research Paper on Diabetes How is the food that is consumed by the average Hispanic children in their culture cause type 2 diabetes to be more prevalent at such a young age. Parents that adapt their children to this type of habit need to be well informed of the consequences and later health related problems their children can have. We can all agree that many families in our community do not earn high amounts of income feeding to their children the cheapest non healthy foods in addition to today s youth that are constantly on their electronic devices with no playtime outside. The rise in numbers of children with this diseases cannot improve with these issues not resolved. In today’s time period the amount of time that children spent playing outside has decreased tremendously over the turn of the century due to technology. Hispanic are the third leading population group to be more vulnerable to type 2 diabetes. Many families in our community do not earn high amounts of income.most people just go for the cheapest groceries Most if not all of those products are chemically modified to be preserved longer = saturated fats / trans fats Unsaturated fats are derived from plants and some animals. They contain at least one double bond in their fatty acid chain. Conversely, a saturated fat has no double bonds meaning it is saturated with hydrogen atoms.Make it harder for the body to digest And can lead to heart disease or other complications People should consider their marketingShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Research Paper767 Words   |  4 PagesMethods of Insulin Delivery {text:bookmark-start} {text:bookmark-end} DIABETES RESEARCH PAPER Pharmacology 8 a.m. New Medications Methods of Insulin Delivery APA 1 Kelsie Marie Hargrays St. Cloud Technical College Abstract {text:bookmark-start} {text:bookmark-end} The research I did was on new medications and methods of insulin delivery. I researched a few new medications that help treat type 1 2 diabetes. I also researched about new methods of delivery and found many differentRead MoreResearch Paper Diabetes2773 Words   |  12 PagesCaroline SOC 005 Dr November 15th, 2011 Diabetes in the U.S. Diabetes is a disease rapidly increasing throughout the world today, and it is often referred to as the world’s modern epidemic. According to The World Health Organization (WHO) there were 171 million people suffering from diabetes worldwide in 2000. They are expecting this number to be doubled by year 2050 with 366 million diagnosed people. The organization’s most recent â€Å"calculations indicate that worldwide almost 3 million deathsRead MoreDiabetes Research Paper For Diabetes1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Diabetes Association currently recommends that adult patients with diabetes be screened for HbA1C% multiple times each year to monitor long-term glycemic control.1 However, a number of U.S. insurance providers only pay for the cost of the test if the patient has other chronic health conditions such as hypertension and/or high cholesterol, which may result in reduced HbA1C% screening among individuals with diabetes who lack health insurance or do not qua lify for reimbursement of testingRead MoreDiabetes Research Paper For Diabetes858 Words   |  4 Pageswith diagnosed diabetes accounts for more than 1 in 5 health care dollars in the U.S., and more than half of that expenditure is directly attributable to diabetes. According to Thomas Schlenker, (Express-News published Saturday, May 28, 2016), cost of diabetes for Bexar County is staggering, and is creating a burden on the community. Some of the costs of diabetes affecting at least 14.2 percent of adults in Bexar County include daily blood tests and insulin injections, progressive blindness, kidneyRead MoreResearch Paper On Diabetes957 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes – Global trend Modern Medicine has been witnessing serious challenges from four non-communicable diseases (Cardiovascular; Chronic Respiratory conditions; Cancer and Diabetes) which are often associated with unhealthy lifestyle choices (lack of physical activity, smoking, alcohol misuse and unhealthy dietary habits)1. Diseases which were once associated with the first world, have become a global problem. Prevalence of Diabetes has risen to an epidemic proportion and the UK has not been immuneRead MoreScientific Research Paper For Diabetes804 Words   |  4 PagesThe consistencies found in all the studies are the use of culturally sensitive diabetes self-management education to improve nutrition, physical activity, knowledge, and health behavior for Hispanics. The American Diabetes Association (2014) gives a thorough summary of the state of scientific research and evidence based practice when treating patients with diabetes, including the use of physical activity, self-management education, and nu tritional interventions. This is extremely useful in thisRead MoreGestational Diabetes Mellitus Research Paper1541 Words   |  7 PagesSociety looks at Pregnancy as an amazing and exciting time for women and their families. However women diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus can experience an increased amount of stressors not only physical but, emotionally and socially. Physically GDM causes increased blood sugar levels which can have dangerous and harmful effects on both mother and infant. New to be mothers can have a hard time understanding and coping with their pregnancy and condition if not supported correctly by healthcareRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : The Topic Of My Research Paper870 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation, I chose Diabetes Mellitus as the topic of my research paper. Although very few people actually possess a detailed knowledge of the disorder, everyone knows at least one person who suffers with diabetes. I will attempt to further your knowledge on the subj ect through explanations of the types of Diabetes, how each form is treated, and day-to-day issues that result from living with the disease. According to the National Diabetes Information Clearing House (NDIC), â€Å"Diabetes Mellitus affectsRead MoreType 1 Diabetes Research Paper738 Words   |  3 PagesHow can we treat diabetes? People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes are also need insulin to treat diabetes. Insulin is a substance that has a great impact on human health, especially the treatment of diabetes. This is a substance that is produced by the pancreas to help control blood sugar, safe with the body Type 1 diabetes is treated with: - For type 1 diabetes, because the patients pancreas is no longer able to release insulin, it is imperative that insulin be taken from the outside at regularRead MoreResearch Paper on Type 2 Diabetes2171 Words   |  9 Pagesprevalence of type 2 diabetes is skyrocketing alarmingly to epidemic proportions. According to King, Aubert and Herman (1998), in the year 2000 there were 150 million people with type 2 diabetes worldwide, and this number is expected to double by 2025. This explosive increase in type 2 diabetes prevalence is also associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. (Dankner, Abdul-Ghani, Gerber, Chetit, Wainstein and Raz, 2007). This global increase in diabetes will occur because of

Analysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell - 1362 Words

Kathie Tejada Professor Antonio Tomà ¡s Guerrero Dà ­az COLI 214B 1984 This novel, 1984, is a dystopia and takes place in Oceania where people live in a totalitarian society. The author, George Orwell, wrote this as if he was looking into the future and what it was going to turn in to. This group of people, called The Party, have control over everything and everyone, and they have a leader, known as Big Brother, who is everywhere throughout the novel and the people look up to him. They invented a language termed â€Å"New Speak† so people can be prevented from even thinking about rebellion, which is known as a â€Å"thoughtcrime†. People are manipulated and do not even realize it because they think there is nothing wrong with it, but there are a few people who play their part and act like they do not know what is going on. The main character of this novel is Winston Smith, and the third person lens is though his eye. The Party employs him where he has to alter records of history to match their version of it, as his job, at The Ministry of Truth. Since Winston is constantly so depressed with his life, he writes his thoughts in a journal that he keeps hidden because if the â€Å"thought police† know of this crime, he would get sentenced to death for this thoughtcrime for having secret thoughts. Writing in this journal is a rebellious thing to do and Winston loves doing it for the fact that it is against The Party. There he expresses his illegal thoughts like his frustration about the partyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1084 Words   |  5 Pages1984 was written by British author George Orwell. The main character is an average man by the name of Winston Smith. Winston does not agree with the ideals of the party; this gets him arrested by the thought police. 1984 proclaims what could happen if people just let the government do all their thinking for them. 1.In the world of 1984, what is considered orthodox is not the same as the actual world. In the book in order to be considered orthodox one must never question the party or have any individualRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1493 Words   |  6 Pagessteadily bringing us closer to the world of Big Brother because the government has the ability to collect information from devices that are constantly being in use such as cell phones, televisions, and computers without our consent. In the book entitled 1984, George Orwell reveals how Oceania was a world where no one could be trusted; an action as simple as thinking was considered a violation of the law and you could be arrested for it. Individuals were living in a society where their own thoughts, evenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1288 Words   |  6 PagesControlled freedom Present day society is very much like society in the book 1984. Although, some of the procedures have diminished slightly, they still do exist, and are still current in today’s society. it’s a shame that most people fail to see that our â€Å"free† nation is actually still controlled. we are being manipulated in such a manner that we do not see by propaganda, media, lies, and yes even torture. Many citizens can say that here in America we are free nation or have freedom, but do weRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1088 Words   |  5 Pages1984 The book that I chose for my first book report was 1984 by George Orwell. The story begins by introducing a man named, Winston Smith, a simple man from the country known as Oceania. He lives in a small flat within London, on the Island known as Airstrip One. Winston is a part of the outer party, which is a part of the ruling party within Oceania, and is a low ranking member who works for the Ministry of Truth as a propaganda officer. The people of the ruling party are constantly being watchedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell968 Words   |  4 PagesThe book, 1984 by George Orwell, is about the external and internal conflicts that take place between the two main characters, Winston and Big Brother and how the two government ideas of Democracy and totalitarianism take place within the novel. Orwell wrote the novel around the idea of communism/totalitarianism and how society would be like if it were to take place. In Orwell’s mind democracy and communism cre ated two main characters, Winston and Big Brother. Big Brother represents the idea ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1029 Words   |  5 PagesThe novel 1984, written by George Orwell, depicts a horrendous future in which the citizens of the tyrannous state of Oceania live under unceasing surveillance. The mysterious character of Big Brother serves as the leader of this dystopian society while members of the Party work for total power over the general public. Telescreens are installed in every room for constant investigation, language is continuously modified, and extreme actions are made in order to achieve the end goal of absolute controlRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1253 Words   |  6 Pagesno point of trying to live a regular life. In the book 1984 by George Orwell nearly everyone in the book is brainwashed and given a lot of false information. Winston and other characters only provide a little bit of hope. With a little bit of hope i n the brainwashed world there is still absolutely no chance for any recovery unless the upper management screws up. This hope provides nearly no chance of humanity going back to normal. In the book, 1984, Big Brother is watching over everyone at all timesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell2321 Words   |  10 Pagespossible crime, thoughtcrime. In the novel â€Å"1984†, by George Orwell, Winston Smith rebelles passively against the idea of living in a complete uniform world under Big Brother’s dreadful surveillance. Thought crime’s impact on the novel’s population is devastating, so much so that it is somewhat hard to picture today’s society in its place. The sad reality is that thoughtcrime does impact the lives of the people in today’s society to some extent as it does in the book. The level of punishment for such a crimeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1092 Words   |  5 Pages and opinions of its citizens; therefore removing the difference between state and society. The goal of a totalitarian government is to replace the existing society with a perfect one. In the novel â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, Big Brother is a dominant figure in the ways which he controls Oceania. Orwell portrays a society with a government that oversees and influences each facet of human life to the point that even having an unfaithful thought that is in disagreement with the law is forbidden. Big BrotherRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell930 Words   |  4 Pages The book 1984 was filled with constant rebellion from one individual known as Winston Smith who does not believe in the â€Å"Party† and would much rather join the â€Å"Brotherhood† where he can oppose the Party. While in Divergent, Beatrice Prior is loyal and compliant with her government until she learns that she is a rare type of human known as a divergent and poses a threat to her government. These two stories while incredibly different have many similarities as well. Both stories are about people trying

American Anticommunism During the Cold War Essay - 926 Words

Subsequent to the conclusion of the treacherous Second World War, America prepared itself for a period of peace. This peacetime was short-lived, as America’s tolerance for communism receded this issue became the forefront for American concern. The United States of America, also referred to as the USA or US, regarded communism as a strategic threat due to its hostility to private property and free markets, policies that many Americans associate directly to political freedom. Throughout the intense period in history identified as the Cold War, America’s attention was, for the most part, politically and economically occupied by the threat of global left wing expansion and methods aimed†¦show more content†¦In his speech to congress on the twelfth of March 1947, Truman specifically called for four hundred million dollars in financial aid to be delivered to Greece and Turkey, both of which he suspected were threatened by a possible communist invasion. Cowie, a well-noted author, considers Truman’s speech to be the trigger for the transition of the Cold War from a temporary state to a permanent quarrel as it directly states America’s aggressive approach towards communist countries. Congress responded to Truman’s appeal by allocating the required funds along with US troops to administer the reconstruction. In an extract from Truman’s address America’s adoption of the dominant role in the anticommunist conflict is evident. â€Å"The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach full growth when the hope of the people for a better life has died. We must keep that hope alive.† The Marshal Plan was also established upon similar principles. The American Secretary of State George C. Marshal produced the Marshal Plan, or European Recovery Program in 1947, aspiring towards the rehabilitation of European nations devastated by the war. Highly regarded authors, Theodore Wilson,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Elaine Tyler May’s Homeward Bound1175 Words   |  5 PagesBound weaves two traditional narratives of the fifties -- suburban domesticity and rampant anticommunism -- into one compelling historical argument. Aiming to ascertain why, unlike both their parents and children, postwar Americans turned to marriage and parenthood with such enthusiasm and commitment, May discovers that cold war ideology and the domestic revival [were] two sides of the same coin: postwar Americans intense need to feel liberated from the past and secure in the future. (May, p. 5-6, 10)Read MoreCommunism And The United States Essay1963 Words   |  8 Pagesthe dictatorship afte r World War II. The horrified cognition of communism gets the Americans into panic, while the local government worries that the communist power would take over the United States. In response to the Red Scare was spread in the United States during 20th century, when the power of communists were getting increasingly stronger all over the world. In a way, the fear is tightly bound up with the political decision and the radical changes of the American thoughts. As a leading progenitorRead More American Anticommunism and the Cold War Essay2217 Words   |  9 Pages American anticommunism stems from a history of fear, and want of control over individuals, and groups of people who are defined as â€Å"others†. In this case â€Å"others†, is a term attributed to American citizens who were a part of, or held any relation or affiliation with the American Communist Party. Before them, it was immigrants; and before them it was African Americans, and Native Americans (Schrecker, 13). This fear and want of control over the American Communist Party, which immediately startedRead MoreThe Cold War Era During World War II1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War Era that followed th e end of World War II was unlike any Americans had seen before. After defeating Germany and its allies in the war, the United States faced a change on the home front: young Americans rushed into marriage and parenthood in unprecedented numbers. In Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era, Elaine Tyler May describes these changes from the end of the war through the early 1960s. The author makes a compelling range of arguments about the changes that affectedRead MoreThe Cold War Essay1029 Words   |  5 Pages When one hears the common phrase, â€Å"The only good commie is a dead one,† the Cold War comes to mind. This war, cold because of no direct violence towards each country, was a major contribution to future wartime diplomacy. The clever Americans used many tactics to create a â€Å"cold† war that would benefit them in every aspect. The fear of communism consuming smaller countries exaggerated the possibility that America’s economy could be jeopardized. Politicians also helped guarantee anti-communistRead MoreThe Age Of Mccarthyism By Joseph Mccarthy1151 Words   |  5 Pagessubversives’ instilled fear and anxiety among Americans. This was exacerbated by the anxiety associated with the concerns of an escalating Cold War. McCarthy was motivated by his political ambition and thus used the anti-communist crusade as a scapegoat, to benefit his political career. It became increasingly apparent that the accusations were made against innocent individuals. Despite resorting to sensationalism and eventually lies to exploit American fears of a growing undercurrent of SocialistRead MoreAmerican Anti Communism : Combating The Enemy Within890 Words   |  4 Pagesreading American Anti-Communism: Combating the Enemy Within, 1830-1970 by M.J. Heale to watching Civilization (1916) and The Great Dictator (1940), I was able to identify a major comparison amongst all three that even through the economic chaos, peace is the solu tion. Although, they all were published in different years, I was able to analyze that each films and book illustrated that war never has a positive outcome. Wars last for years and usually results to the death of many. In American Anti-CommunismRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The War Of Las Vegas Nevada 914 Words   |  4 PagesLudmilla, Drago s wife, calls the United States an â€Å"antagonistic and violent government† that makes â€Å"threats of violence† to her husband and Koloff, the head trainer, comments that American society has become â€Å"pathetic and weak.† The Soviets insist on a rematch in Russia with Balboa as the antagonist. Angered by Drago’s cold indifference over Creed’s death, Balboa decides to avenge his friend, defend his country’s honor, and fight Drago in the Soviet Union in an unsanctioned fifteen round bout on ChristmasRead MoreThe Cold War Summarized Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowing the Second World War is known as the Cold War. This period was full of tension and fear that the United States and the USSR would destroy each other and the world with their arsenals of atomic weapons. The seeds of this rivalry were planted nearly a quarter of a century before its actual commencement with the Revolution of 1918 in Russia. The Cold War Rivalry would manifest itself in everything from sports in Olympic competition to science and the Space Race. The Cold War did not only take placeRead MoreEssay on McCarthyism and the Conservative Political Climate of Today6203 Words   |  25 Pagesyears, the words quot;McCarthyquot; and quot;McCarthyismquot; have stood for a shameful period in American political history. During this period, thousands of people lost their jobs and hundreds were sent to prison. The U.S. government executed Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, two Communist Party (CP) members, as Russian spies. All of these people were victims of McCarthyism, the witch-hunt during the 1940s and 19 50s against Communists and other leftists, trade unionists and civil rights activists

Culture and Obesity free essay sample

They should not write their names on the sheets. 2. Collect the Classroom Activity Sheet: Three Women. Select one or two students to tally students’ responses on the Classroom Activity Sheet: Tally of Students’ Perceptions of Body Shape and Size . 3. While these students tally the responses, ask the class why you presented the survey without any introductory discussion. Responses will vary, but most students will suggest that you are trying to gauge attitudes toward overweight and thin people. 4. Have students present the survey results, and discuss them with the class. Typically, the thin women (A and B) receive the most positive responses, while the heaviest woman (C) 1 receives the most negative responses. Discuss how students came to their conclusions. Students’ comments may include the following: â€Å"Woman C is heavy, so she must be the most unhealthy. † â€Å"Since woman C is heavy, she can’t be making wise decisions consistently, because fat people eat too much, and they eat bad food. † â€Å"Woman C isn’t attractive because she’s too big. She should lose weight. † â€Å"That woman needs to work out. † Conclude the discussion by summarizing students’ responses. 5. Divide students into four groups. Ask each group to consider how society influences our perceptions of overweight and obese people. Encourage students to consider the many ways we get information, including family and friends, television, movies, music, literature, and advertisements. Have each group prepare a presentation that includes the following: A paragraph focusing on the group’s ideas about how these factors influence our perceptions of overweight and obese people. It should state the factors that have the most influence and why. A summary, based on research, of the factors that influence society’s perceptions of overweight and obese people. Research material may include pictures from magazines, advertisements, examples from movies and books, and any other resources about body perception. A conclusion about the group’s original ideas: Were they supported by research, or did they change? Students should explain how and why any of their ideas changed. 6. Suggest that students use magazines, newspapers, and resources from the library and the Internet, such as the following Web sites: http://www. atlantaparent. com/First%20Page%20APRIL%2001. htm http://www. nhlbi. nih. gov/health/public/heart/obesity/lose_wt/risk. htm http://www. cornell. du/food/expfiles/topics/sobal/sobaloverview. html http://webmd. lycos. com/content/dmk/dmk_article_40062 7. Have each group share its presentation. Do the groups agree on how society influences our perceptions of overweight and obese people? Do they believe that one factor is more significant than others? If so, which one? Why do they think that factor is so important? 8. Conclude the lesson by asking students whether their opinions in the original survey have changed as a result of their research. Would they answer the questions differently now? What information has changed their perceptions of overweight and obese people? 9. Assign the Take-Home Activity Sheet: Your Opinion About Weight and Body Image. If time permits, discuss students’ responses during the next class period. What have students learned about their feelings about overweight and obese people? What have they learned about their feelings about their own bodies? 2 Adaptation for younger students: Focus on the survey and tally sheet. Have a discussion about students’ feelings about overweight and obese people. Do they have prejudices? Are these prejudices fostered by the media? You may use the questions on the Take-Home Activity Sheet as a guide for class discussions. Discussion Questions: 1. Men in three Matsigenka villages in southeastern Peru were shown six drawings of women that differed only in body weight and waist size. The men chose a drawing for each of these categories: healthiest, most attractive, and best potential spouse. The overwhelming winner in every category was the drawing of the heaviest woman with the thickest waist. Why might the Matsigenka men perceive heaviness as attractive? 2. What is the difference between being overweight and being obese? Can an individual be healthy and overweight? Explain. 3. In the 1990s, more than 5 million American women suffered from eating disorders. This may be evidence that many American women have difficulty accepting their bodies. In your opinion, what must be done to help Americans accept their own bodies? 4. We usually think of fat as negative, but fat serves many purposes in the human body. Why do our bodies contain fat? What happens if a person’s body fat is too low? 5. Some health risks are associated with having too much body fat. Research and explain three such risks. 6. How much body fat is healthy for a teenage girl? How much is healthy for a teenage boy? Why do you suppose that a healthy girl has more body fat than a healthy boy? Evaluation: Use the following three-point rubric to evaluate students’ group work during this lesson: Three points: cooperative work; accurate completion of the research assignment; demonstration of a clear understanding of the relationship between culture and weight; demonstration of a heightened realization of the need for more sensitivity toward people who are overweight or obese Two points: somewhat cooperative work; completion of most of the research assignment with some level of accuracy; demonstration of some understanding of the relationship between culture and weight; emonstration of some understanding of the need for more sensitivity toward people who are overweight or obese 3 One point: trouble working cooperatively; completion of a small portion of the research assignment with some accuracy; demonstration of little or no understanding of the relationship between culture and weight; demonstration of little or no understanding of the need for more sensitivity toward people who are overweight or obese Extensions: Genes and Obesity Some people are overweight or obese because they have a condition they cannot control. Have students research and write a short paper about one of the conditions listed below. They should include the following information: A description of the condition and its effect on body weight Information about the prevalence of the condition Other problems associated with the condition The relationship between genes, diet, and lifestyle How people with this condition try to control their weight Cushing’s syndrome. This syndrome is a hormonal disorder in which the hypothalamus or adrenal gland malfunctions: pituitary tumors may appear, cortisol levels increase, and the person gains weight. About 10 to 15 million people are affected annually. Web site: http://www. niddk. nih. gov/health/endo/pubs/cushings/cushings. htm Prader-Willi syndrome. This is a complex disorder in which the hypothalamus is malformed or damaged because of genetic factors, injury, or brain surgery. The sufferer never feels full after eating, leading to morbid obesity. It is estimated that 1 in 12,000 to 15,000 people suffer from PWS, the most common cause of genetic obesity identified. Web site: www. pwsausa. org/basicfac. htm Hypothyroidism. Underactivity of the thyroid gland slows the body’s normal rate of metabolism. The condition occurs in 2 of every 100 people; many cases can be treated successfully. Web site: www. thyroid. org/patient/brochur5. htm Weight and Entertainers Divide students into small groups. Ask them to name as many chubby performers (living or dead) as possible in the categories of music, film, and television. Students can research periodicals or the Internet. Have students compare the number of female performers on their lists with the number of male performers. Is there a difference in the numbers of male and female performers? (There should be more men. ) Ask students why they think this discrepancy exists. Then ask them to analyze each performance category. Are some more likely to contain overweight performers? (A group might say that there have been many overweight male and female comedians. ) Ask students why they think one category seems to have more heavy performers. Finally, ask students whether they believe there is more prejudice against overweight women than there is against overweight men in the entertainment industry. Make sure students support their answers with specific examples. 4 Suggested Reading: Fat: Fighting the Obesity Epidemic Robert Pool. Oxford University Press, 2001. Using information gleaned from decades of research into appetite, metabolism, body fat, diet, and weight control, this book describes the latest understandings about obesity and the interplay of genes and behavior. Lots of case histories illustrate the struggle to control one’s weight and where the battle is being waged today. Chapter notes are included. The Adonis Complex: The Secret Crisis of Male Body Obsession Harrison Pope, Jr. , Katherine Phillips, and Roberto Olivardia. The Free Press, 2000. There are many books on the market about female body image, but here’s a different view. Men can be as obsessed with their appearance as women and resort to any number of unsafe behaviors to try to mold themselves in a particular way. Chapters discuss excessive weight training, steroid use, eating disorders, and distorted body image. Lots of case studies, diagnostic questionnaires, and suggestions for treatment make this an absorbing book. Vocabulary: morbid obesity Definition: Weight gain that interferes with breathing and other vital functions. Context: If a person’s weight is 50 percent or more over the maximum desirable for his or her height, then that person is considered to suffer from morbid obesity. besity Definition: Weight that is 20 to 25 percent more than the maximum desirable for a person’s height. Context: There are multiple causes for the development of obesity, including a genetic propensity and overeating. overweight Definition: Weighing more than 25 to 35 pounds over the maximum desirable for a person’s height. Context: Karen was co nstantly frustrated because no matter how little she ate and how much she exercised, she remained overweight. prejudice Definition: A negative attitude or prejudgment toward a particular group.

Integration and Learning

Water Conservation Satire Essay Example

Water Conservation Satire Essay Example Water Conservation Satire Essay Water Conservation Satire Essay There has been a severe drought that plagues the Social region and much of the entire state of California. Water prices have increased to unforeseen highs and the government unsuccessfully attempted to regulate the frequency at which our sprinklers feed our thirsty vegetation. Would like to offer a more effective solution to this problem, because the key to water conservation is starting at home. Men, women, children, and even pets (which we will not account for, even though bathing animals exacerbates the problem) all require frequent thing, which is the sole contributor to our drought. Men tend to take quicker showers, approximately ten minutes each, while women and children can last for up to fifteen minutes or longer per shower. Considering the average five minute shower requires twenty five gallons Of water, and each human showers once a day, an average family of four, consisting of a man, a woman, and two children, will consume 50+xx=275 gallons of water per day. Only about ten cups of water are necessary to satisfy daily drinking requirements per person, and the amount of water used in showers that day s more than 100 times that. I propose that we stop showering altogether. This would save an incredible amount of water that could be put to much better use. According to my calculations, we will even enter an era of water surplus, in which we can sell the excess water to other areas that need it, and bolster our local economies in the process. Eventually people in other drought-stricken areas will learn from us and cease to continue such wasteful bathing habits. Some might worry about body odors that might arise after prolonged roods away from the shower. However, water conservation is a greater issue with a greater need of solving, and therefore should hold the utmost pertinence. Body odor can easily be solved with the increased application of sanitary products, such as deodorant or wipes. The views and smells of society will change. Those with the greasiest hair and smelliest armpits will be the champions of society, for they have demonstrated their unbeatable passion for resolving detrimental issues. They will be respected and honored as heroes.

Bowels Disorder Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bowels Disorder - Coursework Example The considerations that are involved in making decisions about priority of patient care include preventing irritation or ulceration from drainage. Secondly, the patient needs to be aware of the self care and ostomy care she should carry out, thirdly the patient needs to be educated on protecting her skin, know when to change the bag, watch her diet, and ensure she takes her medication. The fourth consideration is teaching the patient on the complications that should be reported and considering the lifestyle of a patient. The nurse would evaluate whether the priority decision for the situation was patient centered through checking if she is comfortable to discuss concerns about his sex life and other activities with the nurse. The nurse should be able to pay attention to the patient for both verbal and non-verbal cues after the procedure and compare them to before the procedure. Evaluating the patient’s mind and body is important so that the patient is

IT Resources (Outsource or Insource) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IT Resources (Outsource or Insource) - Essay Example Outsourcing and Insourcing have merits and demerits as far as an IT organization is concerned. This paper briefly compares the merits and demerits of outsourcing and insourcing. Outsourcing helps IT companies to exploit the cheap and efficient labour market of the foreign countries. For example, India is a country in which lot of IT professionals are searching for jobs whereas America is a country which searches for IT professionals. In other words, insourcing would be a costly affair in America compared to outsourcing. The IT job which may cost $ 10000 in America can be completed from India for around $ 5000. In short outsourcing is cost effective compared to insourcing. Tax benefits are another advantage enjoyed by the IT companies as far as outsourcing is concerned. Outsourcing jobs were exempted from heavy taxes since it is completed in another country. Outsourcing increases the capabilities of an IT company as far as their production capacity is concerned. For example, a company cannot take large volume of works or works beyond its capacity if it is strictly adhere to insourcing. On the other hand, there is no limit for an It company for taking orders if it opt for outsourcing. In fact, software developers are the larger segment of an IT organization as far as total employees of an IT organization are concerned. Outsourcing will help an organization to keep only the required staff permanently and there is no need for that organization to keep more production staff even at off seasons. Outsourcing helps the IT companies pay only for the services they receive. In other words, nonproductive costs will be considerably reduced if a company opts for outsourcing. Thus, Operational control is more in insorcing than in outsourcing. For example, an IT company can speed up the production processes if it is going on in the same country whereas it is difficult to speed up the production processes if it is going on in a foreign country. Communication problems may not be there if the production processes are done domestically whereas in outsourcing communication problems between the outsourcer and outsourcee can take place. Increased competitive power is another advantage of outsourcing. â€Å"Outsourcing can give your business a competitive advantage as you will be able to increase productivity in all the areas of your business† (The Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing, 2009). Outsourcing will help an IT organization to undertake jobs beyond their expertise. For example, if a particular software expert is not available with an IT organization, it can opt for outsourcing for getting that job done. Thus the organization can take jobs even beyond the areas of its expertise and thereby it can increase its competitive power. The possibility of exploitation of better technologies is another advantage of outsourcing. It is not necessary that IT functions developed equally in two different countries. For example, African countries are techn ologically weaker countries. It is possible for these countries to access better technologies from other countries with the help of outsourcing. Better managerial control is the major advantage of insourcing over outsourcing. When a job is performed domestically, the managers can ensure that it meets all the requirements. On the other hand the managers will get the taste of the finished product only after the completion of the

Ancient Chinese Inventions

Ancient Chinese Inventions Ancient Chinese Inventions Early Chinese civilization invented numerous basic and vital necessities that are presently used around the world. Some of the most valuable ancient Chinese inventions include but are not limited to the following: silk, printing, paper, mathematics, Seismograph, the compass, gunpowder, bamboo and medicine (About.com, 2012). It is wildly accepted that the four greatest inventions or contributions to the world were: the compass, the discovery of gun powder, papermaking and printing. One of the Chinese culture’s first inventions was paper. During the 2nd century the earliest form of paper was made from hemp fibers. Even before the end of the ancient times, the Chinese had already acquired a level of expertise with papermaking. During the Qin (221-206 BC) and Western Han (206 BC -220 AD) dynasties, the art of making floss (rough silk) from inferior cocoon was greatly utilized. The basic process of making the floss (named Piao Xu) included continuous â€Å"thrashes† and â€Å"stamp crushing† (which involved a mill for crushing). Afterwards, the same procedure was used in papermaking. During ancient times, Chinese people used limewater or plant ash water to separate raw silk from the gum component. This system paved the way for future papermaking, which utilizes degumming vegetable fiber in the papermaking process (ChinaCulture.org, 2012). During the Eastern Han dynasty, approximately 104 AD, a â€Å"eunuch† of the Imperial Court named Cai Lun invented a new type of paper. He took bamboo fibers and the inner bark of a mulberry tree, added water to these and pounded them using a wooden tool. Once pounded thoroughly, he poured the mixture over a flat woven cloth allowing the water to drain out. When the mixture dried, only the fibers remained. Cai Lun then realized that the material he made had a good writing surface and was lightweight. It was also easy to make. Cai Lun also used other materials when making paper. Materials such as remnants or hemp, tree barks, fishnets and linen rags were also used. In 105 AD, Cai Lun went to He Di, the emperor of China at that time and presented his invention. Once the emperor viewed the paper, it was then officially invented (Totallyhistory.com, 2012). Cai Lun paved the way for China to develop literacy more rapidly than the West. Even though paper had been made by Han for ove r 200 years, Cai Lun improved the techniques to make it and the quality. The process of making paper has been simplified by advanced technologies, but the process of making paper remains fairly the same-softened plant fibers, suspended in water, is formed in moulds into thin sheets, pressed, drained, and then dried (Sayre, 2011). Ancient historic records show that the Chinese had many natural remedies which included natural herbs and acupuncture. The foundation of Chinese medicine was thought to have occurred more than 2000 years ago. Much of ancient medical knowledge comes from the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), which produced a guide that is even utilized today. The guide was called â€Å"The Treatise on Diseases Caused by Cold Factors† by Chang Chung Ching. It is regarded as perhaps the best Chinese medical work of the Materia Medica, compiled in the Ming dynasty (1368-1644 AD) by Li Shih Chen. This comprehensive journal paved the way for further advances in the world history of medicine. It includes 1,892 descriptions of different types of medicines and has been translated into several foreign languages. It has also been useful in East Asian and European countries (Thinkquest.org, 1998). Ancient Chinese felt the purpose in making medicine was to create an â€Å"elixir of life†; to make emperors immortal and help them live forever. In their quest to make the elixir, they instead, made numerous medicines and remedies. The Chinese got the idea to develop an elixir from Tao Ch’ien, a poet and philosopher. Tao Ch’ien believed that if the Chinese discovered a method of turning metal into gold, which last forever, then they could at the same time, find the elixir of life. This belief encouraged doctors and pharmacologists to begin searching for a method of making metal into gold. They also tried to learn other ways of becoming immortal, and that led to the discovery of the elixir. After creations made, resulted in the healing of various ailments, there was even more determination to make the elixir. Tsou Yen, a pharmacologist, formed of how he thought diseases were caused. His belief was that there were two spirit-like forces, called the Yin and Yang, w hich flowed throughout the body. He thought diseases were caused when either Yin or Yang were out of balance. This concept is still used today in medicine (About.com, 2012). Gunpowder was the next profound creation by ancient Chinese. Ancient Chinese alchemists spent centuries trying to develop an elixir for immortality and the use of saltpeter (potassium nitrate) was an ingredient in many of the failed elixirs. Around 850 AD, during the Tang Dynasty, an alchemist mixed â€Å"75 parts saltpeter with 15 parts charcoal and 10 parts sulfur†. The mixture failed as an elixir but was explosive when it was exposed to an open flame. The impact was severe enough to cause â€Å"smoke and flames†, which resulted in the hands and face of the alchemist being burnt. The Chinese proceeded to use the gunpowder for fireworks (About.com, 2012). It was also used by the Song dynasty’ (904 AD) armed forces against their enemy, the Mongols (About.com, 2012). Their weapons included â€Å"flying fire†, an arrow with a burning tube of gunpowder attached to the shaft. Flying fire arrows were like miniature rockets, propelled at the enemy, producing fear. Other Song dynasty uses of gunpowder included hand grenades, poisonous gas shells, flame throwers and land mines. Initially, artillery pieces were rocket tubes made from hollow bamboo shoots, but were redesigned to cast metal. McGill University professor Robin Yates, notes the world’s first image of a cannon comes from Song China, in an illustration from around 1127 AD (About.com 2012). Last but not least, and probably the most important, is the creation of print. During the Tang dynasty (618-906 AD) printing was inventing. It began as blocks of wood used to print fabric but was then used to copy Buddhist holy books. Later, scrolls and books were printed, initially via wood-block printing and by the 11th century, by portable printing. During the Song dynasty (960-1279 AD) affordable, printed books became widely available. As late as the Tang dynasty, block printing was limited in its use as the method for production of books. It was not until the time of the late Tang dynasty (923-936 AD), when the government sponsored the reproduction of the â€Å"Five Classics† via block printing, that all important books were block printed (Ross, 1982). The printing method advanced further during the Ch’ing-li period (1041-1048), with the invention of the movable type. However, during that time, the movable type faced constraints because the Chinese character ideograms were too strict. Consequently, thousands of characters were too difficult to mold. As technology advanced, the movable printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg, allowed printing to move to other cultures. Gutenberg is credited with transforming society with mass printing, thus enabling the dispersal of information to many. â€Å"This print invention is regarded by many as the invention of the millennium (Ross Jr., 1982). And I personally feel as though it is the most important invention that I as well as the world could not live without. Through many centuries, ancient Chinese inventions have had profound effects on human culture†¦ some more useful than others. References About.com (Part of The New York Times Company). (2012). China’s Science and Technology. Retrieved from About.com website: http://crystalinks.com/chinascience.html China Culture. (2012). The Birth of Paper Making. Retrieved from ChinaCulture.org website: http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_madeinchina/2005-06/28/content_70170.htm Oracle Think Quest. (1998). Destiny: The Culture of China. Retrieved from Thinkquest.org website: http://library.thinkquest.org/20443/g_medicine.html Ross, Jr., F. (1982). Ancient Chinese Science and Technology. Oracle Bones, Stars, and Wheelbarrows. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. Sayre, H. M. (2011). The Humanities: Culture, Continuity and Change, Vol. 1. (Custom Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Szczepanski, K. (2012). Invention of Gunpowder. Retrieved from About.com website: http://asianhistory.about.com/od/asianinventions/a/InventGunpowder.htm Szczepanski, K. (2012). Invention of Paper. Retrieved from About.com website: http://asianhistory.about.com/od/chineseinventions/p/Invention-of-Paper.htm Totally History. (2012). The Invention of Paper. Retrieved from Totallyhistory.com website: http://totallyhistory.com/the-invention-of-paper/

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder & Autism in the Classroom Ess

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder & Autism in the Classroom When teaching it must be expected that there will be students that have behavioral disorders. These disorders must be taken into consideration when giving these students the best education possible. Teachers must accommodate to these children and incorporate them into the daily classroom. Every teacher has their own methods of doing this and can use their creativity to come up with these strategies for teaching. Some strategies may not work, so instructors must put much thought into how they are going to accommodate to these particular students. A very common disorder in children is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD. These students have a difficult time holding attention due to the lack of the ability to concentrate. These students tend to act impulsively, have attention deficits, and sometimes exude hyperactive behaviors. Children that have ADHD do not qualify for special education unless they also have another disability. Approximately 7.8 percent of children from the ages of 4 to 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD, research also shows that males are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD over women. These ratios vary from 4:1 to 9:1. These students with ADHD can be impulsive, which means they act before they think or before considering the situation that they are currently in. They also have a hard time concentrating and find it difficult to sit still. There are medications for ADHD, and they are prescribed often, there are also a variety of drugs that have been proven to make a child with ADHD more a ttentive and improve their academic performance. Unfortunately, these drugs have side effects such as weight loss, blood pressure chan... ...ed or wanted. I would also encourage parents to enroll their child in to sensory therapy such as occupational therapy, sensory integration, and developmental optometry therapy to help with possible vision issues. Medication wise I would encourage parents to prescribe their child to Prozac to assist in lowering anxiety, I would encourage this in older aged students. Both ADHD and autism are disorders that all teachers must be educated in before going into this profession. It is important to know the different strategies that can be used to be the most helpful instructor to these students. It is also very important to incorporate these students into the classroom and encourage good social skills with peers. By paying close attention to these students instructors are able to come up with the best strategy to provide the best education to these individuals.

Network Design Essay

The objective at hand was to build a network from the ground up. This was accomplished by breaking down all of the sections and building upon all previous assignments. This was a good course as I learned a lot about all of the different sections of building a network. The pros are now I know how to build a network on the design side from the ground up. I learned quite a bit about using a lot of the technologies associated with networking and it allowed me to learn quite a few new concepts. Some of the downfalls about this course and what I have learned are I did not feel I accomplished much as there is no hands on training associated with the course. I do not feel like concepts and design ideas are a great resource to actually learn how to use any of the systems but they do give a pretty good idea. Cabling SpecificationsEthernet is a Local Area Network (LAN) technology with a transmission rate of 10 Mbps and has a typical star topology. Computers and devices must wait-and-listen for transmission time on the network as only one device can transmit at any one time. In order to operate with this network strategy, Ethernet incorporates CSMA/CD (Carrie Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection). Each device on the network listens for the network to be clear before transmitting data. If more than one computer or device transmits data at the same time, then collisions occur. Once collisions are detected, all devices stop transmitting for a period of time until one of the devices senses the line is free and will then gain control of the line to transmit its data. Receiving devices just sit there waiting and listening for transmissions that are meant for them, which are determined by an IP (Internet Protocol) address. The main advantage to Ethernet is it is one of the cheapest networks to put into service. Compared to other hardware for Token Ring, Ethernet equipment such as hubs, switches, network interface cards, and cable (Cat5 common) is inexpensive. The main disadvantage to Ethernet is related to the collisions that occur on the network. Even though Ethernet cable (Cat5) is fairly inexpensive, it can become a cost issue if designing a large network as each device or computer requires its own cable connection to the central hub. Another disadvantage is distance limitation for node connections. The longest connection that can occur within an Ethernet network without a repeater is 100 meters. Today’s Ethernet standards, 100 Mbps and 1000 Mbps, incorporate switched technology, which for the most part, eliminates collisions on the network. The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) specification for Ethernet is 802.3 with three-part names designating the different types. For example, 10BASE-T is for 10 Mbps, and 100BASE-TX is for 100 Mbps. Token RingToken was developed by IBM as an alternative to Ethernet. The network is physically wired in star topology, but is arranged in a logical ring. Instead of a hub or switch like in an Ethernet network, a MAU (Multistation Access Unit) is used. Access to the network is controlled by possession of a token that is passed around the ring from computer to computer as data can only travel in one direction at a time. A computer that wishes to transmit data on the network takes possession of the token and replaces the token frame with data. The data goes around the ring and returns to the transmitting computer, which removes the data, creates a new token, and then forwards it to the next computer. The IEEE specification for Token Ring is 802.5 and it comes in two different speeds: 4 Mbps and 16 Mbps. The main advantage to Token Ring is there are never any collisions within the network, which makes it a highly reliable solution for high-traffic networks. The disadvantage to Token Ring is the network cards and MAU are more expensive than equivalent Ethernet hardware. FDDIFDDI (Fiber-Distributed Data Interface) is an architecture designed for high-speed backbones that operate at 100 Mbps, which are used to connect and extend LANs. A ring topology is used with two fiber optic cable rings. It  passes a token on both rings and in opposite directions. The specification for FDDI is designated by the American National Standards Institute as ANSI X3T9.5. The advantage to FDDI is that it uses two rings for protection in case one ring breaks. When a break occurs, data is rerouted in the opposite direction using the other ring. It is also considered reliable because it uses a token-passing strategy. The disadvantage to FDDI is the expensive network cards and fiber optic cable. In addition, the amount of fiber optic cable is doubled because it has redundant rings. WirelessLocal Area Network (LAN) TopologiesA mesh topology has a point-to-point connection to every other device (node) within the topology. The point-to-point link is dedicated between each device so it will only carry traffic to the two devices that is connected by that link. The advantage of a mesh topology is it works on the concept of routes, which means that traffic can take one of several paths between the source and destination. The network is also robust in that it will not be crippled if one path becomes unavailable or unstable due to each device being connected to every other device. The Internet uses a mesh topology to operate efficiently. The main disadvantage to a mesh topology is the fact that it requires a large number of cables, which is very expensive. A bus topology is a multipoint topology that entails each device being connected to a common link or path. The common link can be thought of as the backbone to the network. All devices typically connect to the backbone with a T-connector and coax cable. The main advantages of a bus topology are that it is easy to install and is not expensive (cost effective) because it uses very little cable to build. The main disadvantage is if there is a problem with the one backbone cable, then the entire network will no longer have the ability to communicate.  These networks are also very difficult to troubleshoot because any small problem such as a cable break, loose connector, or cable short can cause the outage. The entire length of cable and each connector must be inspected during troubleshooting. Another disadvantage is the lack of amplification of the signal, which results in a limited network size based on the characteristics of the cable because of how far a signal can travel down that cable. A ring topology means that each device is connected in a ring, or daisy-chain fashion, one after another. A dedicated connection only exists between a device and the device on each side of it. Data flows around the ring in one direction. Each device contains a repeater that regenerates the signal before passing it to the next device. The main advantage of a ring topology is that it is easy to install. One disadvantage includes difficulty to troubleshoot because data flows in one direction and it could take time to find the faulty device when there are problems. The entire network could be taken off line if there is a faulty device or cable break within the ring. The star topology has each device in the network connected to a central device called a hub, which can actually be a hub or switch. All traffic must pass through the hub in order to communicate with any other device on the network. There is no direct communication between devices like in a mesh topology. One advantage to a star topology is any failure to one cable or device connected to the hub will not bring the entire network down. Repairs can be done to individual nodes without disrupting traffic flow. Another advantage is expandability of the network. Additional devices can be added to the network without disrupting any of the current users. All that is required is an additional cable run from the device to the hub. One disadvantage includes cable costs because each device must have its own cable connected back to the hub. The other disadvantage is the hub itself.  Since all traffic runs through one device, it becomes the single point of failure. If the hub goes down, so does the entire network. Wide Area Network (WAN) DesignA WAN, also known as a Wide Area Network, is an essential part to bigger corporate networks most government networks and companies with multiple sites as well. A WAN, basically, is 2 or more LANs (Local Area Networks) stuck together and running as one big network over a big geographical area. Although a WAN could cover very small distances, most WANs cover much larger geographical areas such as a country or possibly even the world. The largest WAN today would technically be the internet or the World Wide Web. The internet is, in short, one giant WAN because it consists of many smaller LANs and servers. Most WANs can cover a fairly large geographical area, but some, such as the World Wide Web can cover the globe. The United States Government has quite a big WAN as a lot of their LANs are in other countries. They need to get data from one place to another almost instantaneously, and this is one of the quickest and easiest ways to be able to do so. To be able to get on the internet, a subscriber must go through an ISP (Internet Service Provider) and they will give the subscriber access to the internet for a certain price every month. There are different ways to get access to the internet depending on the geographical location in which you live. A subscriber can go through dial up, which is one of the slowest methods, but it is also one of the most common. There is also DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) through most phone companies if they have access in the area and cable which is usually one of the fastest and most expensive methods to access the internet. The last common method is using a satellite to obtain access. This is usually the most expensive ways to access the internet because the equipment usually needs to be bought. When talking about telephone lines, we start getting into analog versus digital signals and degradation over longer distances. A telephone system works on analog signals. These work by a computer transmitting a digital  signal to the modem which converts the signal into an analog signal (this is the beeping heard when a computer dials up to access the internet) and later being converted by a different computer back into a digital signal with the use of a modem. DSL is digital all the way, along with T1 and T3 lines. When using DSL or T1/T3 lines, a filter of some sort is used to filter out the digital and analog signals, so the phone and computer are receiving different signals. Companies usually use faster lines to access the internet or to have access to their other sites. Smaller companies can use DSL or Cable internet services, but when talking about larger corporations or the government, most use public systems such as telephone lines or satellites. Usually, when talking about larger companies and going through a public system, we are talking much faster speeds that can hold many more users. T1 and T3 lines are usually used, satellites are commonly used and fiber-optic is becoming much more common. When getting into many users on a WAN, we need to start talking about Network Latency. According to Javvin.com network latency is defined as “latency is a measure of how fast a network is running. The term refers to the time elapsed between the sending of a message to a router and the return of that message (even if the process only takes milliseconds, slowdowns can be very apparent over multi-user networks). Latency problems can signal network-wide slowdowns, and must be treated seriously, as latency issues cause not only slow service but data losses as well. At the user level, latency issues may come from software malfunctions; at the network level, such slowdowns may be a result of network overextension or bottlenecking, or DoS or DDoS activity.”Dos or DDos stands for Denial of Service and Distributed Denial of Service respectively. These types of attacks are usually by hackers or someone who does not want others to access a certain service. There was a recent DoS threat on the CNN webpage as some hackers wanted CNN to stop talking about a certain issue. This works by one or multiple people talking all of the networks latency or bandwidth from them and thus causing other not to be able to access their site or services. There are other issues that may slow down a users PC as well. Not all issues revolve around hacker attacks. A lot of problems could be caused by malicious software, such as, Spyware, Malware, Viruses, or other programs that may be problematic. These can usually be taken care of by installing anti-virus software or even a spyware removal tool. The issue here is instead of the malicious software causing slowdowns on a PC, there are slowdowns due to the software protecting a certain computer in the background. Sometimes a simple fix to this problem is to defragment a hard drive. This can tremendously speed up a PC, because the files will be closer together and easier and quicker to access. On a network, a simple way to test latency is to use the trace route program. To do this, simply go to a command prompt and type tracert and then an IP address if internal or a website if external. This will send out packets of information and check how much time has passed to receive a packet back. The time passed would be the latency time. Usually it says it only took a certain amount of milliseconds which does not seem like very much time, but it was only a tiny packet of information. The higher the milliseconds the higher the latency time. The higher the latency time, the longer it will take to do anything in a network. If a high latency time is present, there is bound to be lag somewhere down the line. In a WAN, the equipment that will be used is as follows. In each LAN there will be PCs connected to a router somewhere (this is a ring topology example) and that router should be connected into a switch. There may be more but this is a basic example. Each of these LANs then connects to a central HUB somewhere which should interconnect all of the LANs. All of the information then travels to the central hub which is then separated out to the correct switch, router and then PC. There are usually central servers that can store and backup all of the data on the network as well, but this was an example of a crude network. Most companies also a very repetitious and redundant with their WANs. This is because they do not want a central failure point to bring the entire company to itÂ’s knees. There are usually multiple switches that can tie the  entire system together. If a huge corporations Wan decided to fail, the company could lose a few million dollars in a matter of minutes. This is the main reason redundancy in this situation makes more than enough sense. A lot of companies use software called VPN software. This software will let users login from the outside into their computer inside the company. This is a very nice system because if an employee needs to do work from home, they have access to everything they working on onsite. This is also helpful from an Information Technology perspective as it allows the Tech who is working on a remote problem login remotely and find out what the issue is, make any configuration changes and fix most software related issues without actually having to be onsite. This works well when being on call from an offsite location. There are other software packages that work well too. A lot of companies use PCAnywhere to do this type of work and Bomgar is another solution to be able to remotely login. A WAN is an imperative part to any corporation, government agency or company with multiple locations, as it allows them to transfer data quickly, easily and over great distances at the click of a button. There seems to be more and more need for employees in the networking field today, because more and more corporations need to transfer data quicker and easier. There will be new technology soon that will improve our current technology such as fiber optic. Network ProtocolsThere are many solutions to remote access and the most common and one of the most cost efficient methods is the VPN (Virtual Private Network). VPN technology is already built in to most operating systems and is very easy to implement. With bigger environments and corporations, a consideration for concentrated VPN hardware should be in place because of the simultaneous users and stress on the servers. There are a few different types of VPN including IPsec, PPTP and SSL. Once the connection from remote access has been made, you need to make sure the files are readily accessible for the user logging in remotely. One way to do so is to use Samba which is an open source file access system. There  are other ways to allow access as well. Using remote desktop connection, the user has the ability to log directly in to their PC and use it as if they were sitting at their desk, rather than away from the company. A lot of companies use software called VPN software. This software will let users login from the outside into their computer inside the company. This is a very nice system because if an employee needs to do work from home, they have access to everything they working on onsite. This is also helpful from an Information Technology perspective as it allows the Tech who is working on a remote problem login remotely and find out what the issue is, make any configuration changes and fix most software related issues without actually having to be onsite. This works well when being on call from an offsite location. There are other software packages that work well too. A lot of companies use PCAnywhere to do this type of work and Bomgar is another solution to be able to remotely login. Network Remote AccessMost companies need to be able to access their work from many locations, including home and while traveling. The solution that allows them to access the network is one of two ways to access their network. The first is through a VPN (virtual private network) that allows the user access to remotely log in easily and quickly. The other way is through a dial up remote connection; this way is a bit easier to set up but can become very costly in the long run. The problem with being able to do this is it can be very costly and can eat up much of the IT departments time to set up, configure and implement this system into the current hardware. The definition from whatis.com about a VPN is “ virtual private network (VPN) is a network that uses a public telecommunication infrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide remote offices or individual users with secure access to their organization’s network. A virtual private network can be contrasted with an expensive system of owned or leased lines that can only be used by one organization. The goal of a VPN is to provide the organization with the same capabilities, but at a much lower cost. VPN works by using the shared public infrastructure while maintaining privacy through security procedures and tunneling protocols such as the Layer Two Tunneling  Protocol (L2TP). In effect, the protocols, by encrypting data at the sending end and decrypting it at the receiving end, send the data through a â€Å"tunnel† that cannot be â€Å"entered† by data that is not properly encrypted. An additional level of security involves encrypting not only the data, but also the originating and receiving network addresses.”A VPN, also known as a Virtual Private Network is a helpful tool that allows users of a specific domain to be able to log in to their PC from anywhere in the world with the help of another PC. With this tool, they would log in with a special piece of software, using their user name and password to gain access to all functionality of the PC they want to log in to. This allows for a lot of comfortable solutions, such as if an employee is sick, they may still have an option to work from home. This allows a flexible company schedule as well because if a user needs to access a document from their home PC, they can essentially log in to their work PC and download the document. Network Business ApplicationsA second way to access oneÂ’s computer from a different location would be using a dial up service, with this you can basically dial in to access all of their resources available within the server. Using this is a very secure and easy route to go, and allows the user access to files they may desperately need. Another good thing about using a remote connection to access a server is if the user is on a business trip, they have the ability to access all of their much needed documents easily and securely with out much fuss. The explanation between these two pieces of technology is “with dial-up remote access, a remote access client uses the telecommunications infrastructure to create a temporary physical circuit or a virtual circuit to a port on a remote access server. After the physical or virtual circuit is created, the rest of the connection parameters can be negotiated.With virtual private network remote access, a VPN client uses an IP internetwork to create a virtual point-to-point connection with a remote access server acting as the VPN server. After the virtual point-to-point connection is created, the rest of the connection parameters can be negotiated. ”There are many advantages and disadvantages to using a dial up remote connection over VPN. The biggest advantage I have been able to find is, it is easier to set  up and maintain while using VPN makes you set up and maintain individual accounts for both the VPN and the users name and password on the system. Another advantage of dialing up in to the system would be the fact that no matter where the user is all they need to do is plug into a phone jack and they should be able to log in. The disadvantage of this is depending on where the user is long distance charges may apply and it could rank up a pretty penny or two. Another disadvantage is although the system is cheaper in the short term, the system may be more expensive than VPN in the long run. There are also other methods of using VPN. One specific way is certain ISPs (Internet Service Providers) and other third party support companies are assisting in setting up the VPN and supporting it without a great deal of time spent on it by the current department. This may or may not be more cost efficient than setting it up yourself, but it does remove a lot of the headache that VPN’s can give due to different errors. There are also many advantages and disadvantages to using a VPN over a dial up system. One of the biggest advantages to this system over a dial up system is in the long run this is a much cheaper system than a dial up system. This system is a little bit quicker than a dial up system as well. This system is cheaper than a dial up system because using a dial up system, long distance fees may apply, with the virtual private network, you do not need to worry about this as the user may call into a local internet service provider to gain access. Any internet connection will gain a user access to the companyÂ’s network through a VPN. Through all of this, there still needs to be security measures put in place to keep unwanted users off of the system while allowing employees or other authorized users access without down time. VPN’s can work well with firewalls, all the IT department would need to do is allow the ports to be accessed by the VPN and the user should have full access. All in all, there are two very cost effective solutions at a companyÂ’s finger tips and both are fairly easy to set up. The company needs to decide if they want to save money up front and make it easier so they do not need  to set up multiple accounts per user, or if they would rather have a better solution and save more money down the road. The choice also depends on the amount of users logging in at any given moment. Backup and Disaster RecoverySecurity, back ups and disaster recovery are all important very parts of all networks in today’s world. The problem with today is information on how to hack, destroy and program any type of malicious software (or malware) is easily accessible via the Internet and other easy to access sources. There are roughly 1.4 billion people on the Internet or that at least have access to the Internet in the world, which is about 25% of the world’s population. All of these people have extremely easy access to hacking networks, creating malware and destroying any personal or private data a user may have and wish to keep. There is not really any way to stop these people from harming our personal software and data from their side, this is why a user needs to make sure they have security on the user’s side. There are other things that happen besides people trying to maliciously harm a user’s files and data. Accidents can happen and destroy data as well. There could be many things that can harm a user’s data such as a fire, earthquake, power surge or worst case scenario, some sort of electro magnetic pulse (EMP). This is where data back ups and disaster recovery come in nicely. There are many companies that specialize in helping a user or company back up their data and store it off site such as SunGard (mostly used in bigger company settings). There are other ways to store a user’s data as well. One way is to make a physical copy of everything needed on CD’s, DVD’s, Flash Drive or some other type of media and store it at a friend’s house or some other person’s house they trust. This keeps a hard copy of all of their data off site just in case something happens and it can now be restored. There are a few other companies as well that offer on line backups. For this a user downloads their software and it automatically backs up to a few different location for redundancy which allows the customer more safety and easier access to all of their files. One of the first steps to a business that wishes to be very secure in all  that they do is to set up a backup and disaster recovery plan to start it all off. Like I stated earlier, there are many way s to do it. If this is a larger company they probably want to hire someone internally to make a physical back up of all the data and send it to an off site company for storage. They should also keep another copy close to them at all times, preferably away from where the physical data lies. They should put it on the opposite side of the building than where the file server is. If anything happens to the servers, they can quickly and easily use their backed up copy of all the data and recover it on to the servers in which they lie. Most companies have 2 or 3 backup units on site for redundancy and this allows that if one of those go down as well there are still a couple others in which they can restore all of the data from. Although this can become a little more expensive than just a regular back up system, sometimes it can be well worth it. Network SecurityAccording to devx.com “the first step in drafting a disaster recovery plan is conducting a thorough risk analysis of your computer systems. List all the possible risks that threaten system uptime and evaluate how imminent they are in your particular IT shop. Anything that can cause a system outage is a threat, from relatively common man made threats like virus attacks and accidental data deletions to more rare natural threats like floods and fires. Determine which of your threats are the most likely to occur and prioritize them using a simple system: rank each threat in two important categories, probability and impact. In each category, rate the risks as low, medium, or high. For example, a small Internet company (less than 50 employees) located in California could rate an earthquake threat as medium probability and high impact, while the threat of utility failure due to a power outage could rate high probability and high impact. So in this company’s risk analysis, a power outage would be a higher risk than an earthquake and would therefore be a higher priority in the disaster recovery plan.”Another big part of any security system development is the company (or department) needs to look at their budget and how much they are willing to spend on their system. A company can get a basic security system for their network (including firewall) for fairly cheap and this may do most of what is needed, but larger companies are going to need to spend quite a  bit more money than that of a small company. Most larger companies spend quite a bit because they usually have higher priced clients that they can not afford to lose and all of their data is invaluable to the company. Some companies actually have their own Information System Security employees to monitor the network in case of any type of attack. They also make sure all of the anti-virus and anti-malware softwares are running and updating properly. Lastly, another thing most companies forget about after they have their equipment and software installed is there is more than just the implementation of the hardware and software to save them. They need to make sure everything continues to run and update itself from newer and bigger threats. These companies need to make sure they continually test and check what needs to be done to continually maintain a network that can not be broken in to. There are people out there that can be hired to try and break into a companies network. They get paid and let the company know what needs to be fixed so others can not break into it as well. In conclusion, a company can be nothing or brought to it’s knees with out it’s network and servers. There are many things that can cripple a company without the help of man. The only way to avoid these is to have a proper disaster recovery plan and to make sure the network is not vulnerable in any way. References About, Inc. (2004). Network topologies : bus, ring, star, and all the rest. RetrievedOctober 12, 2004, from http://compnetworking.about.com /library/weekly/aa041601a.htmBrain, M. (2004). How stuff works : how wifi works. Retrieved October 12, 2004,from http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wireless-network.htm/printableNetwork Latency. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2008, fromhttp://www.javvin.com/etraffic/network-latency.htmlBroadband Internet. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2008, fromhttp://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/id;988596323Wide Area Networks.(n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2008, fromhttp://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gorry/course/intro-pages/wan.htmlVirtual Private Network. (n.d.).retrieved May 11, 2008, fromhttp://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci213324,00.html#VPN vs. Dial up. (n.d.). Retrieved May 11, 2008, fromhttp://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver/en/library/d85d2477-796d-41bd-83fb-17d78fb1cd951033.mspx?mfr=trueHow to Create a Disaster Recovery Plan, RetrievedMay 23, 2008, from http://www.devx.com/security/Article/16390/1954World Internet Usage Statistics, RetrievedMay 23, 2008, from http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

Corporate Social Responsibility And Csr - 1869 Words

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been a much talked about topic and the importance of CSR has been increasing over the years. Companies that embrace CSR hold themselves responsible for their activities and strive to make a positive impact on the environment and the society. CSR has several definitions and can be comprehended differently by various stakeholders. One of the definitions mentioned by ACCA (2014) is â€Å"a company’s obligation to all of its stakeholders across all of its activities with the aim of achieving sustainable development in the economic, the social, and the environmental dimensions†. Others define CSR as the overall contribution of business to sustainable development. Many factors have managed to increase the†¦show more content†¦Gaining competitive advantage One argument forcing an increase in CSR activities is for companies to gain competitive advantage. Companies engage in improved innovation and market positioning, resulting in competitive advantages. One of the examples of innovation, to gain competitive advantage, is the launch of Toyota Prius, a hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV). Toyota became the world market leader in hybrid cars after the launch of HEVs. In addition to the environmental benefits that HEV has to offer, this increased the top line of Toyota and they were able to licence the technology to companies like Ford. This added to Toyota’s profitability. CSR can assist in shaping customer loyalty built on ethical principles. Some companies are committed to CSR and use it as their main positioning instrument. Strategic tactics are used to gain public backing, helping them to gain competitive advantage by using their CSR initiatives as another form of advertising. These practices create a differentiation in products and services from its competitors. For example, Dettol introduced a marketing concept where a penny was donated upon purchase of any of their products. Dettol products gained popularity in the marketplace which assisted in distinguishing themselves from other antibacterial soaps